Special Forces soldiers can make between $4,400 and $72,000 to re-enlist, depending on rank, length of contract and special skills. Understanding current doctrine and working to combine elements is what will build the foundation for better overall mission success. Civil Affairs/Military Government was established as an Army Reserve Branch on 17 August 1955. . I REALLY LIKE THE IDEA OF BEING LESS FOCUSED ON BANG BANG & more humanitarian needs of the people! 3003 Washington Boulevard Suite 200, Arlington Virginia 22201 | 703-824-2000, Copyright © 2023 CNA All rights reserved. The CCoE provides CIMIC with subject matter expertise to support both the transformational process and operational requests of NATO as its main objectives. These CATs have been actively establishing their civil-military networks; in most of the cases, their first point of entry has been respective national CIMIC units. Additionally, they will serve as an institutional link to other military and civilian organizations to ensure that units receive the most modern, safe, and tested techniques and methodologies available. The authors thank the CCoE, the 21st Theater Sustainment Command and the Civil Affairs Association for the opportunity to publish this paper. Doctrine. Under this paradigm, the military can assist only in support of specifically military exercises. Currently, CATs do not train on specialized infiltration techniques such as mountaineering. CIMIC forces, of course, understand this as well; they operate almost entirely under NATO direction, even out-of-area. While these threats continue to evolve (for example, becoming more interconnected with illicit threats such as international criminal networks and working in gray areas within and between national societies), so too must NATO political-military, civil-military and information and influence capabilities. CA deploys globally to support a wide array of missions. The U.S. Army Special Operations Command is the largest of the service components that make up U.S. Special Operations Command and provides about 70% of the special operations . 0000063268 00000 n The SOF CA mission set is uniquely suited to expand the competitive space in the high north. Mutual doctrinal recognition at a minimum is paramount; the upcoming 2021 NCKLC and COIWS could be the platform to start the process. As Olavi Alakulppi (1915-1990,) a U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel of the Quarter Master Corps once told me, "A mountain climber without a rifle, is not a soldier". CA and CIMIC have been working together; but, as with any relationship where cultures and norms are different or not fully understood, stereotypes and misinformation exist. TIAS. An example of civil affairs in cooperative efforts might involve engaging partner nation local governments, civil aviation authorities and port authorities in support of military training exercises. They also work to protect civilians and . Good luck. The S-9 had knowledge of and effected some coordination of CA and CIMIC LoEs elements in Baghlan, which, from an interoperability perspective, was considered very progressive. 0000009733 00000 n q(8c4+oo*}%IW")qN1ePF1Vx+Ex.A% ?^b4|irp/N/+|(7ep#"#Ly~SHGK[dfyebSiTkY4S1h;fOA?qG8byUc>e4 C}~X6r5IsV|"y :=7;&2Jd=VlQy 3 8qiqtRCn$s"-i#jC$*&c^_-kblAFbtK|"c'qjqOlVn{*5_LqoqVgl. On a human level, CA and CIMIC enable improved navigation through the fog of hybrid warfare in efforts across the globe. Instead, civilian government organizations work with the civilian population while military has limited or non-existent authorities to operate in their own national territories, as in the United States. Properly trained and equipped high north CA teams open the door for a variety of engagements within the SOCNORTH and SOCEUR areas of responsibility. This scenario could easily be adapted for a cross-functional team. Mountain warfare specialization remains relevant outside polar regions. Teaching Technology, Innovation, and Great Power Competition at Stanford, Part 5: Lessons Learned. Starting in 2014, NATO has had to redirect focus on countering hybrid warfare in its own AoR rather than out-of-area. Hybrid warfare, although not new, works below the threshold of conventional war.4 It is complex, and adaptive to culture, historical legacies, geography and available political, economic, informational and military means.5 There is increasing evidence that hybrid warriors are waging war via the internet against civil society in the Western world, sowing societal divisions and promoting hyper-polarized politics.6 The major lesson of warfare from the past two decades is that hybrid warfare focuses on population centers.7 Its center of gravity are target civil societies. This included reexamining defense funding by European nations and increased deployments of U.S. forces on European territory. Psychological warfare requires adaptability, resilience, and . 0000006650 00000 n As home to many autonomous indigenous groups who participate as peers to nation-states in intergovernmental organizations, the Arctic presents both an opportunity to apply the governance expertise of a CA team and an opportunity for a team to hone its craft. Civil Affairs Team 644, or CAT 644, from the TCMSE worked to partner CA forces with host nation militaries in the Levant region during its rotation from July 2011 to March 2012. ; not updated since. Civil affairs forces support activities of both conventional and special operations forces, and are capable of assisting and supporting the civil administration in the area of operations. Your email address will not be published. However, as the Army's Arctic strategy, . However, at this crucial juncture, the civil affairs regiment is not prepared to operate in the high north, whether organically or in a cross-functional team. Your email address will not be published. Some of this is changing closer to the frontline with CA and CIMIC collaboration through joint public information operations, in coordination with civilian governments; similarly, this was done during the Cold War to inform the population of exercise impacts and to assist with messaging in support of NATO interests and objectives. USACAPOC (A) is manned, equipped, trained, organized, and led to provide strategic, operational, and tactical Civil Affairs, Psychological Operations, and Information Operations capabilities to enhance the information advantage and lethality of conventional force commanders to deploy, fight, and win across the full range of military operations . Within the civil affairs community, pundits invariably propose the same two solutions to every problem with the Army Reserve civil affairs force: move Army Reserve civil affairs back to US Army Special Operations Command (USASOC), and send Army Reserve civil affairs officers and NCOs through the active component qualification pipeline. Civil affairs forces serve as a natural bridge among the interested parties. As to this such question, let us at least initially NOT consider it from a "polar regions" perspective alone, but, rather, more from the perspective of the larger ambitions of a near-peer adversary, for example, those of Russia. In the end, these synchronized assets should be able to provide an established, credible, standardized civil-military capability, instilling confidence and stability among friends with increased coherence and effectivenessnot only during NATO exercises, but during operational deployments as well. Meanwhile, mission experience demonstrated the significant differences between CA and CIMIC lines of effort (LoEs), even while they were operating under the same command structures. Furthermore, two iterations of the enhanced NCFC are planned for execution in the United States in 2021. 9.2 Other Special Operations Missions. A core CA mission is civil reconnaissance, which is the targeted, planned observation of civil factors of the operational environment, providing commanders with crucial information pertaining to the human, physical, and informational domains. SOF Primer. Civil affairs forces provide a unique capability to help in population-influencing operations. Good luck! Emergency Relief during the Earthquake of 1923, Headquarters Army Service Forces, October 11, 1944. 0 The training to be a Civil Affairs Soldier is rigorous, but only to ensure the teams can survive in tough landscapes, quickly analyze threats under pressure, and develop solutions to difficult problems around the world. Initially, the entire unit will have to attend this training to build unit capability. One has to wonder how easy it is to pack snow to create a runway for fighter and attack jetsand FARPs is one of the main goals of Arctic Warfare. Furthermore, they will serve as subject matter experts capable of facilitating winter environment training for their companies. A basic aspect of winter warfare is the ability to conduct operations in alpine terrain. We cannot wait for a crisis to develop this capability. The radio and SATCOMs are lightning quick, but to link up with people and scouts, the SOFs will need a vehicle that can do this very well, and that vehicle should be tracked. Major Csaba Szab, as the Hungarian Army Senior National Representative at the Civil-Military Cooperation Center of Excellence (CCoE), is the CCoE Concept Interoperability and Capability Branch Deputy Branch Chief. Additionally, they will track each teams training pathway, and at the end of the progression, validate that the CAT met the individual and collective requirements to deploy as a high north CAT. Used during peacetime, contingencies and declared war . While the polar and near-polar regions are divided by nation-states, the population there is not. How I look at both, there seems to be alot of overlap between the two so as I said any help distinguishing them and explaining what you liked about each would be great. In addition to nurturing the winter warfare skills of the high north CATs, the section will be responsible for equipping them as well. This continued execution and refinement of the course could institutionalize it as a standardized and accredited NCFC. The 92nd Civil Affairs Battalion (US Special Operations Commands Europe-aligned CA unit) is uniquely suited to fulfill the mission set illuminated by Stringers essay. By more conscientiously leveraging and synergizing their respective comparative advantages, they will produce more operationally and strategically impactful outcomes. The Joint Special Operations University has released a new report that explores the use of special operations forces Civil Affairs as a key element for competing below the level of armed conflict. What is the difference between physically training for Civil Affairs versus Special Fo? While there are clearly opportunities for civil affairs units to contribute within that continuum between cooperation and armed conflict the document does not explicitly mention civil affairs. Curriculum sharing needs to be discussed, determined and programmed, as does the sharing of best practices such as analysis and assessment procedures, TTPs, engagement with civilian actors, etc. As a combined arms team, a Special Forces A-Team, AKA SFODA, is uniquely trained, organized and equipped to create real and psychological effects in remote contested and denied areas. Possibly one of the most pervasive yet irritating missteps that the media and public in general makes about the military is the use of the terms 'Special Operations Forces' (SOF) and 'Special Forces' (SF) interchangeably. The real answer is that PSYOP/MISO (along with Civil Affairs) are designed as enablers for Third World Unconventional Warfare (UW) scenarios, aka the Green Beret mission. 0000015580 00000 n FORT BRAGG The Special Forces, Psychological Operations and Civil Affairs community named eight new soldiers and veterans and one Army unit as distinguished and honorary members during . The role of Civil Affairs (CA) is to engage and leverage . ; Special Operations are defined as operations conducted by specially trained, equipped and organized Department of Defense forces against strategic or tactical targets in pursuit of . Civil Affairs Soldiers engage and partner with communities around the world, to increase stability, enable local governments, and improve quality of life for civilians. 832 0 obj <>stream Other NATO allies offer similar courses, and recently 10th Special Forces Group introduced a four-week Winter Warfare Course. CNA will accept no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken on the basis of this publication. Which method of Travel do you prefer?and why? Why wait for commissioning? There exists an opportunity to create momentum through a robust synchronization at conceptual (policy and doctrine), training and education and academic levels. During pre-mission training and mission preparation, in addition to just getting to know each other, CA and CIMIC should be sharing reports, contacts, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and mission and area analyses for the benefit of a collective wider perspective. Christopher B. Dennis. How are the? United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars. The Modern War Institute does not screen articles to fit a particular editorial agenda, nor endorse or advocate material that is published. Also, in 2021, the CCoE CIC branch plans to initiate a new edition of an academic book dedicated to the interoperability topic; it will include a robust discussion of CA-CIMIC synchronization. This is key to success going forward. The U.S., however, is currently not among the CCoE sponsoring nations, and there is no U.S. representation within the CCoE staff. 0000017120 00000 n Recently, Project 6633 asked authors to answer the question, How can American special operations forces compete with near-peer adversaries in the polar regions? The winning essay, Competing in the Arctic through Indigenous Group Engagement and Special Reconnaissance Activities, penned by Colonel Kevin D. Stringer, proposes US Army Special Forces should be the primary special operations effort in the high north due to their heritage and experience conducting engagement with the indigenous population. Responsible for the teams overall health, this enlisted Soldier provides a medical analysis of an operational area to help plan civil missions. This two-week school grants the E skill identifier, level I mountaineer, and provides soldiers with the knowledge base to integrate into a larger mountaineering element. Both are tailored toward SOF-particular techniques, and therefore bolster SOF interoperability. This forward-stationed CA capability exists outside of the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (Airborne), or USACAPOC(A), and is made up of CA officers and NCOs who live and work in multiple countries within Europe and elsewhere outside the continental U.S. (CONUS). Any submarine needs ASW. The geographic distance from Europe and competing U.S. commitments to non-NATO regional security interests, however, also results in less U.S. concern about aligning its national military policy and doctrine to that of NATO. If want after a time to go an then go, Go SF while you are young enough to do it. This is not the case now, as current allied military forces are operating in realms where they have functional authority and capability; U.S. planners have had to relearn, for example, how to obtain host-nation authorizations for movements under stringent Status of Forces Agreements rather than operating with relative independence. Matter experts capable of facilitating winter environment training for their companies unit capability SF while you are enough! Bang & more humanitarian needs of the enhanced NCFC are planned for execution in the United States in 2021 responsibility! The basis of this publication Washington Boulevard Suite 200, Arlington Virginia |! As a standardized and accredited NCFC furthermore, they will serve as subject matter expertise to support wide... Better overall mission success, nor endorse or advocate material that is published toward SOF-particular techniques and... 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