Ferdowsi, author of Shahnameh, took 35 years to write his epic poem about the heroes of Ancient Persia. [] The center of the Islamic world was under Turkish and Persian states, both shaped by Iranian culture. In a first step their background has been analysed. The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. [16] Basketball has received further attention and media coverage in 2010s with Fenerbahce Basketball and Anadolu Efes S.K. The Quinary (Five Treasures-Panj Ganj) includes the five Persian books of Nezami: Makhzan al-Asrar, Khosrow o Shirin, Layli o Majnun, Eskandar Nameh and Haft Paykar. [26] The Safavids introduced Shiism into Persia to distinguish Persian society from the Ottoman, their Sunni rivals to the west.[5]. Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the still-existent ashik ("ak" or "ozan") tradition, the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. Golden dates the first Turkic-Iranian interaction to the mid 4th century, the earliest known periods of the Turkic history. In the 13th and 14th centuries Saadi, Rumi and Hafez perfected the ghazal, lyrical poems but filled with passion. Rulers can change a county's culture by ordering their Steward to complete the Promote Culture council task. On the other hand, Mellin, a French architect, was invited by a sister of Sultan Selim III to Istanbul and depicted the Bosporus shores and the seaside waterfront mansions called yal. The culture of Turkey (Turkish: Trkiye Kltr) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasian, Middle East and Central Asian traditions. The Uyghur Khaganate that succeeded the Turkic Empire was even more closesly associated with Sogdian elements. The domed architectural style evolved from Bursa and Edirne. Poetry is the most dominant form of literature in modern Turkey. During the years 17201890, Ottoman architecture deviated from the principles of classical times. [10] The film won numerous other awards in many international film festivals. This novel can be seen as the precursor to two trends that would soon develop: social realism, and the "village novel" (ky roman). They patronized literature and music, but became especially notable for their architecture, because their builders drew from Muslim world architecture to produce a profusion of mosques, palaces, and tombs unmatched in any other Islamic country. It was a refined language used for creating poetry and literature, but not one that everyday Turks could understand. First, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim (833-842) greatly increased the presence of Turkic mercenaries and Mamluk slaves in the Caliphate, and they eventually displaced Arabs and Persians from the military, and therefore from the political hegemony, starting an era of Turco-Persian symbiosis. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. The authors were Orhan Veli Kank (19141950), Melih Cevdet Anday (19152002), and Oktay Rifat (19141988). For example, a Turk may feel compelled to give their own possessions as gifts when someone compliments them. The composite Turko-Persian, Turco-Persian[2] or Turco-Iranian tradition (Persian: -) was a distinctive culture that arose in the 9th and 10th centuries in Khorasan and Transoxiana (present-day Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, minor parts of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). [10] The appearance of New Persian, ascendancy of Turks to power in place of the Persian Samanids, rise of the non-Arabic ulama in the cities, and development of ethnically and confessionally complex urban society marked an emergence of a new Turco-Persian Islamic culture. Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, eyh Zafir Group of Buildings, Haydarpaa School of Medicine, Duyun-u Umumiye Building, Istanbul Title Deed Office, large Post Office buildings such as the Merkez Postane (Central Post Office) in Istanbul's Sirkeci district, and the Harikzedegan Apartments in Laleli are the important structures of this period when an eclectic style was dominant. Farsi, the official language of Iran, is historically one of the most prominent languages of the Middle East and extended regions. (1) The types of carpets vary greatly in terms of designs and colours but the three materials used predominantly in handmade carpets are wool, cotton, and silk. Cursive Nastaliq or Shekasteh Nastaliq noticeably follows the same rules as Nastaliq, with more flexibility. Nuri Bilge Ceylan won the Best Director Award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival with the film Maymun. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. Iran is still renowned as a multi-ethnic nation despite the dominance of Persian culture, and the Ler, Armenian, Azeri, Kurdish, Arab, Balochi, Turkish, and other ethnic groups each have their own unique literary and historical customs that extend back to many centuries. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianised identity with them, giving it an even more profound and noted history there. [2], The ruling institution was dominated by Turks from various tribes, some highly urbanized and Persianized, some rural and still very Turkic. His collection of hundreds of quatrains (or rubais), was first translated from Farsi into English in 1859 by Edward Fitzgerald. Ottoman Turkish is quite distinct from modern Turkish because it incorporated many more Persian and Arabic vocabularies. There are, broadly speaking, two traditions of Turkish folk poetries; Much of the poetry and song of the ak/ozan tradition, being almost exclusively oral until the 19th century, remains anonymous. turkish culture has been heavily influenced by persian culture, from language basics to government structures, and almost every imaginable sphere of life, this has been continuing to be so since more than a millenia now. [3], In subsequent centuries, the Turco-Persian culture was carried on further by conquering peoples to neighbouring regions, eventually becoming the predominant culture of the ruling and elite classes of South Asia, Central Asia and the Tarim Basin, and large parts of West Asia. The confusion between the two ethnicities seems to arise from their shared religion of Islam. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on corn and anchovies. [25], The Safavids of the fifteenth century were leaders of a Sufi order, venerated by Turkmen tribesmen in eastern Anatolia. The west Asian languages, namely Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, are not always the first . Sogdians served as intermediaries in the relations with Iran, Byzantium and China. The story of the colour blue in Persian culture begins with the use of two iconic sources - lapis lazuli and indigo, to which cobalt was added later. But Khayyam is best known for his work as a poet. Their language, Istanbul Turkish, originates from the Turkic language family and they share cultural and historic backgrounds to such groups as the Ottoman Turks, Crimean Karaites, Kazahs, Uzbeks, and . ), who was one of the last of the great aks before the tradition began to dwindle somewhat in the late 19th century; and several others. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnev), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. His works have been translated into more than twenty languages. [20] The Alai era saw the overthrow of the old nobility of early Mamluk rule. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, established after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the government invested large sums of resources into fine arts such as architecture and sculpture, and other artistic fields around the country in-line with the newly implemented reformist and West-leaning policies. [5] The combination of these elements in the Islamic society had a strong impact on the religion, because Islam was disengaged from its Arabic background and Bedouin traditions and became a far richer, more adaptable, and universal culture. There are many advantages to acquiring a new language. This fact is visible in their scale systems and the instruments they make use of. Parvin Etesami was a Persian poet in 20th century in Iran. Berlinale: Berlin Film Festival reaches climax with awards ceremony. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. Traditional examples for Turkish folk literature include stories of Karagz and Hacivat, Kelolan, ncili avu and Nasreddin Hoca, as well as the works of folk poets such as Yunus Emre and Ak Veysel. Islamic ideals became predominant model for discussions about public affairs. In 2000, Galatasaray cemented its role as a major European club by winning the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup. Arabic belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, Persian is an . They are stone carvings, brick work, stucco and tile panels. It was managed by bureaucrats and ulama who used both Persian and Arabic, its literati participated in both the Arabic and Persian traditions of high culture of the wider Islamicate world. Outside of the Garip and kinci Yeni movements, a number of other significant poets such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca, Behet Necatigil and Can Ycel also flourished. [4] Thereafter, the liberalization of the economy and the shift towards export-led growth,[5] paved the way for the private sector to become the leading influence on architecture. By the nineteenth century, the European secular concepts of social obligation and authority, along with superior technology, shook many established institutions of Turco-Persia. Aside from common Turkish specialities which can be found throughout the country, there are also region-specific specialities. Seljuqs won a decisive battle with the Ghaznavids and then swept into Khorasan, they brought Turco-Persian Islamic culture westward into western Persia and Iraq. [citation needed], The Ghaznavids (9891149) founded an empire which became the most powerful in the east since the Abbasid Caliphs at their peak, and their capital at Ghazni became second only to Baghdad in cultural elegance. They are not medieval Islamic ideals, but important ideological traditions that survived an era of great change, and now are used to interpret the problems of contemporary times. Thus, alongside the rise of the ulama, there was a corresponding rise in the political importance of the religious leaders of other doctrinal communities. But the truth is that a Turkish-Syrian deal would have no peace-making effects whatsoever. In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons, becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. February 5 - 15, 2004. [22] Turkish cuisine also influenced Greek, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, Balkan and Middle East cuisines and other neighbouring cuisines, as well as western European cuisines. Other important novelists of this period were Ahmet Hamdi Tanpnar and Ouz Atay. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Trkolu, who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for the 20072008 season, on April 28, 2008. [citation needed], The Kara-Khanid Khanate (9991140) at that time were gaining pre-eminence over the countryside. Farshchian has played a decisive role in introducing Iranian art to the international art scene. The Turks did not accept to live in captivity throughout . . 60% of Iran's population is Persian, but they also inhabit other countries such as Afghanistan,. [6], Second, the governors in Khurasan, Tahirids, were factually independent; then the Saffarids from Sistan freed the eastern lands, but were replaced by independent Samanids, although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. It was Persianate in that it was centered on a lettered tradition of Iranian origin and it was Turkic insofar as it was founded by and for . Instrumental in the spread of the Persian language as a common language along the Silk Road between China and Parthia in the second century BCE, that lasted well into the sixteenth century, were many Bukharian Jews who flocked to Bukhara in the Central Asia and as a merchant class played a great role in the operation of the Silk Road. The Mongols under Genghis Khan (122058) and Timur (Tamerlane, 1336-1405) had the effect of stimulating development of Persianate culture of Central and West Asia, because of the new concentrations of specialists of high culture created by the invasions, for many people had to seek refuge in few safe havens, primarily India, where scholars, poets, musicians, and fine artisans intermingled and cross-fertilized, and because the broad peace secured by the huge imperial systems established by the Il-Khans (in the thirteenth century) and Timurids (in the fifteenth century), when travel was safe, and scholars and artists, ideas and skills, and fine books and artifacts circulated freely over a wide area. Iran is the worlds largest producer and exporter of handmade carpets, producing three quarters of the worlds total output. The traditional Turkish national sport has been the Yal gre (Oiled Wrestling) since Ottoman times. Turks and Iranians share a common cultural heritage, known as the Turko-Persian tradition, which was a prominent characteristic of the Ghaznavid (977-1186), Seljuk (1037-1194), Sultanate of Rum (1077-1307), Ottoman (1299-1923), Timurid (1370-1507), Kara Koyunlu (1374-1468), Ak Koyunlu (1378-1501), and Safavid (1501-1736) Empires. The first is the mosaic a design created from gluing bits of different colored tiles together. His second significant work was the Sleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. There are, however, a few well-known aks from before that time whose names have survived together with their works: the aforementioned Krolu (16th century); Karacaolan (1606?1689? The Persian words tended to relate to court life, poetry, and fine arts. [19] Another major sport in which the Turks have been internationally successful is weightlifting; as Turkish weightlifters, both male and female, have broken numerous world records and won several European,[20] World and Olympic[21] championship titles. [2], After the Muslim conquest of Persia, Middle Persian, the language of Sassanids, continued in wide use well into the second Islamic century (eighth century) as a medium of administration in the eastern lands of the Caliphate. . It has for a long time been a tradition that Noel Baba would bring gifts to children on New Year's Eve. The Sogdian language functioned as lingua franca of the Central Asian silk routes. As Shahrokh Meskoob quoted, Identity is a reactive matter and attention to self becomes more meaningful in relation to others.. 2. Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. The crowning literary achievement in the early New Persian language, the Book of Kings of Ferdowsi, presented to the court of Mahmud of Ghazni (9981030), was more than a literary achievement; it was a kind of Iranian nationalistic memoir, Ferdowsi galvanized Persian nationalistic sentiments by invoking pre-Islamic Persian heroic imagery. "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. [17][18] Under Seljuks and the Ghaznavids the Islamic religious institutions became more organized and Sunni orthodoxy became more codified. Bukhara and Samarkand swelled and formed ethnic and sectarian neighborhoods, most of them surrounded by walls, each with its own markets, caravansaraies, and public squares. He is regarded as one of the greatest spiritual masters and poetical intellects. [2][clarification needed]. The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. Even the learned authorities of Islam, the ulama, began using the Persian lingua franca in public, although they still used Arabic as a medium of scholarship. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. A shared culture spread from Mediterranean to the mouth of Ganges, despite political fragmentation and ethnic diversity.[2]. The bureaucracies were staffed by graduates of the madrasas, so both the ulama and the bureaucracies were under the influence of esteemed professors at the madrasas. They patronized Persian culture in the manner of their predecessors. Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. The Shahnameh or The Book of Kings is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi which is the national epic of Great Persia. This area north of Siberia, south of the Himalayas, surrounded by the Caspian Sea to the east and west of the mountains Kingan a wide area. the ascetic ( zhid) the dervish ( dervi)[citation needed], In the early years of the Republic of Turkey, there were a number of poetic trends. Persian poetry is some of the most beautiful poetry in the world and the Persians cultivated four unique types of poetry; the epic, the ghasideh a purpose poem, the masnavi a narrative poem, and the ghazal a lyrical poem. (Apr., 1976), pp. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001; while Efes Pilsen S.K. [15], The Turco-Persian Islamic culture that emerged under the Persianate Samanids, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanids was carried by succeeding dynasties into Western and Southern Asia, in particular, by the Seljuks (1040-1118), and their successor states, who presided over Persia, Syria, and Anatolia until the thirteenth century, and by the Ghaznavids, who in the same period dominated Greater Khorasan and most of present-day Pakistan. [11], Another famous Turkish film director is Ferzan zpetek, whose films like Hamam (1997), Harem suar (1999), Le Fate Ignoranti (2001), La finestra di fronte (2003), Cuore Sacro (2005) and Saturno contro (2007) won him international fame and awards. L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg.... Received further attention and media coverage in 2010s with Fenerbahce Basketball and volleyball are region-specific... 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