So how does the application process actually work? "@type": "Answer", The Hazard Perception Test is part of the UK Theory Test administered by the DVSA (Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency) and takes place straight after the multiple-choice section of the test. Access all If you want to pass your Hazard Perception Test it's vital that you put in plenty of practise, but you must also remember that revising using the same clips time and time again . -How would you handle an unexpected delivery?" We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. Fortunately, you can practice the Hazard Perception Test beforehand both through practice video clips offered on this website and by being acutely aware of hazards each time you have a driving lesson. For 13 of the videos, there will be one hazard per clip and for 1 video there will be 2 hazards to identify. The Hazard Perception test was added to UK driving tests in 2002 - and now GoCompare has created its own Spot the Hazard test, to judge ability to spot danger on the roads. Keeping an eye out for potential hazards will go a long way to help you become a good and safe driver, and help you to respond quicker if the hazard develops. There are various different phases of the recruitment process that you will have to complete. In addition to practicing with your driving instructor, you can also have a go at some practice video clips on this website that mirror the videos in the Hazard Perception Test. However, you will not score anything if you click continuously or in a pattern. The Royal Mail verbal reasoning test is an assessment of a candidates ability to read, understand and apply information presented in text to answer questions related to the text. Our partner Picked makes it simple to assess your candidates quickly and accurately. Twin In Arabic, The hazard perception test is the second part of the driving theory test set by the DVSA, first introduced in 2002. Once you have completed all of the videos your score will appear on the screen. 6 Free practice test videos with 75 more to unlock. This may be something simple like drawing or proposing a solution, but the key is to present your ideas while also listening to others and being willing to collaborate. You can also sit unlimited Theory and Hazard perception mock tests to help you fully revise. You will be given a brief outlining the problem and you will need to respond with the action that you would take in this situation. So now we have gone through the whole application process, how can you actually prepare? The details of the role are provided in the job description, and this is a great source of information to allow you to highlight the most appropriate parts of your CV and experience in the right way. These might be business-related or not (there is no necessity to have learned anything beforehand). How to pass the hazard perception test | Your questions answeredGet an earlier theory test date! With such large, nationwide operations they have a huge number of roles across a variety of different departments. Put "changeover" into the search box for more info. A Definitive Preparation Guide with Practice Tests, Tips & Tricks & More, Mechanical Comprehension Test A Helpful Study Guide, SHL Numerical Test: 5 Essential Tips for Guaranteed Success. This is a simulated real-life situation that will be found in the information pack such as an onsite problem in the role you are applying for. More info click here>>, Hazard Perception Test Official DVSA Introduction Video. The questions cover a bunch of different topics including behavior in the office, teamwork, and leadership. Highway Code Book Valid 2023 Official Edition .. . Some new clips also show driving at night and in low-light conditions, like dawn and . While hazards will vary depending on where you are driving the most common hazards a driver is likely to come across are: As a good driver, you should be looking out for hazards at all times and be able to respond safely to whatever state the hazard is in. fjs.parentNode.insertBefore (js, fjs); The earlier you notice a developing hazard and make a response, the higher you will score. How Long Do Royal Mail Take To Get Back to You After Interview? The Royal Mail is a British postal and courier service that has been in business since 1516. Also referred to as PER (or Perception, Evaluation, Response), this technique relies on the fact that your speech is five times slower than your brain making you anticipate hazards that are further ahead and respond to them accordingly. The results of this survey clearly indicate further problems with drivers abilities to spot potential danger on our roads. It is a good idea to practice these types of tests in advance to get an idea of how they work and to get used to picking out the key themes and meanings in a limited time. With over 150,000 employees they deliver mail to over 30 million addresses in the UK. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These could be things like examples of when you have worked to a tight deadline, worked in a team, or shown leadership skills. You can expect to fill in your past job experience, the role that you had, as well as any skills that you learned from it. However, the Theory Test is no longer simply a set of multiple-choice questions, and since 2001 this exam has the addition of the Hazard Perception Test which takes place afterwards you need to pass both sections of the Theory Test in order to get your certificate. Using our example again, this situation becomes an actual hazard when the pedestrian steps onto the zebra crossing and you need to stop the car to allow them to cross. At each stage, it is beneficial to bear in mind the values that Royal Mail want to see in employees: Disciplinary panel dismisses Exeter Chiefs star Henry Slade's red card, The 52-cap England centre was shown red for a 'dangerous tackle' in Exeter's 39-28 defeat to the Bulls on Saturday, If approved, Elmore AFC would relocate to new, modern facilities at Uplowman Road, Exeter City on the journey to team Gary Caldwell wants them to be, But we have to improve in a lot of areas and it will be an ongoing process.". Shop by category. Angela Bishop Sister Sally, Practice for the hazard perception test anywhere. Jesse Norman, Road Safety Minister, said: The UK has some of the safest roads in the world, but were always looking for ways to make them safer. This is similar to any typical application form and is done online. What Pre Employment Checks Do Royal Mail Do? Do follow this channel for more such videos.#royalmail #london #unitedkingdom #interview Any products youve been using to help you practise the hazard perception part of the test are still relevant. I just wanted to let you know that your site is helping me learn a lot more than the AA have done. As well as your past experience, you will need to fill out your interest in the role and the company. Even though you have passed this hazard perception test it is . You can score up to 5 points for each developing hazard. The Hazard Perception test was added to UK driving tests in 2002 - and now GoCompare has created its own 'Spot the Hazard' test, to judge ability to spot danger on the roads. In addition, there is a list of unspent criminal offenses that are regarded as inappropriate in new employees who have not served their sentences. This test is all about numbers and again you will be against the clock. You must pass your theory test before you can book your driving test. If you want to know what questions Royal Mail ask in their interviews then this is the . In the clip, both drivers of fully liveried company vehicles appear to be racing each as they undertake the camera car at speed via the bus lane. This test is particularly useful for those applying for a post carrier position. They each contain genuine hazards in various scenarios, many of which you may not have come across during your time as a learner driver. Most motorists in the UK would fail their driving tests - with only 1 in 2,000 getting full marks on an interactive Hazard Perception exercise. Interview content may be different for each post you apply. WE HAVE, Full CGI Hazard Perception Test (14 Clips), Full CGI Hazard Perception Test 2 (14 Clips), Full CGI Hazard Perception Test 3 (14 Clips), Full HD Real Life Hazard Perception Test (14 Clips), Full HD Real Life Hazard Perception Test 2 (14 Clips), Full HD Real Life Hazard Perception Test 3 (14 Clips), Full Real Life Hazard Perception Test (14 Clips), Full Real Life Hazard Perception Test 2 (14 Clips), Full Real Life Hazard Perception Test 3 (14 Clips). You can start driving as soon as you pass your driving test. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Following a video clip on how the test works you will be given the opportunity to practice using the mouse to make sure the system is working. Enter your search keyword . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Taking and passing the Theory Test is a prerequisite for taking the practical driving test and obtaining a full UK driving license. This video is about the personal interview assessment for applying a job at #Royal Mail London.This will help you to get a fair knowledge on how your assessment will look like. You are asked to figure out the pattern and select the next shape in the sequence from a list of options. An eye for detail is what is being assessed here; hence the Royal Mail error checking tests are usually used for posting and sorting office roles. Go On A Journey Mozart, The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". London was the worst performing region, with an average score of 3.61 out of 10. Welcome to the dumbest fucking test in the world, courtesy of Her Majesty's Government. Note: Not all questions in the actual hazard perception test are included. All of the information needed to answer the question is provided in the given text; you just have to find it. by Sketchy 23 Dec 2016, 16:10, Post Join our email list today and get quick access to the best study resources and expert-reviewed practice tests for your upcoming assessment. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. You will be marked 0 if you miss the hazard. That means it is an important step that you want to get right. What Questions Do They Ask at Royal Mail Interview. Lets start with the personality test which evaluates your personality and how you act in various situations. Listed below are some of the activities that you might take part in: Assessing teamwork and leadership, the group project is usually based on a case study where a problem needs to be solved. This tests your accuracy as well as your ability to work quickly and under pressure. Are professional ADI, LGV and PCV drivers required to take a hazard perception test? 1984 Miami Dolphins Roster, Following the group exercise and using the same case study, each individual needs to prepare and present their solution to the group. In the hazard perception test clicking the mouse at this point is too late, and could result in either low points or a zero score for that particular hazard. Example Or you may be driving in an area where there is a zebra crossing, so you may be required to stop at the crossing should a pedestrian which to cross it. Smartella receives additional investment to help with growth plans and international expansion. However, it is still useful to practice tests like this in advance and research the company in advance. Royal Mail "text": "Each of the online examinations is delivered to the candidate through email, and it is expected that they will be completed within three to five business days. Recently, there has been press scrutiny of the tests fitness for purpose for modern driving in the UK, as it fails to test drivers abilities to spot potholes or pedestrians with mobile phones. It works on your smartphone, tablet, laptop or desktop computer. But we have included all the possible tests below. 2008 - 2019 1DRIVER All rights reserved. If you respond as soon as the hazard starts to develop you will achieve the top score of 5 points, this then descends to 0 depending on how quick you are to respond. We use cookies to collect information about how you use GOV.UK. The different stages of the Royal Mail application process are the following: The first step to applying for any Royal Mail job is submitting an application form. Usps Near Me Hours, { This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Gender differences across the nation were not very significant, males (4.2) did score slightly higher than women (3.9). Cookie Policy. Does the evidence back up the need for a Hazard Perception Test? It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Below is an example of commentary driving: This website contains official test clips which allow you to practice your hazard perception skills so you can make sure you are well prepared for when it is time for the real test. Practise over 700 interactive Hazard Perception video clips - more than any other app! Successful Teamwork, } The questions at a Royal Mail interview vary depending on the position you are interviewing for, but can include: -Why do you want to work for Royal Mail? How Many Arena Football Leagues Are There. Not all of the hazards are something that an immediate reaction is required, so make sure you keep a lookout for developing hazards also. snow and ice. Here you are given a section of text that you will need to read and answer questions on. by paul1502 06 Jan 2017, 19:47, Return to NEW STARTERS/LOOKING TO WORK FOR ROYAL MAIL, Powered by phpBB Forum Software phpBB Limited, Forum for info, hints and tips about working for us through. You're shown a video explaining how the hazard perception test works before everything gets properly underway. Make sure to research your role thoroughly before you apply, especially if you are applying to one of the graduate programs. If youre sitting the LGV theory test or the PCV theory test, there are 19 videos in total. Yarmouth Castle Victims, You do not need to have practised with clips featuring different weather conditions to take and pass the test. Youll then watch 14 video clips. You will also be expected to know key facts and information about the Royal Mail group and the role you are applying for so make sure to do some research on their website and news sources before you go. Queen Ants For Sale, In this assessment, you will be provided with a postcode or address, and need to find the one that matches it amongst a number of very similar options. Actual official Hazard Perception Test (HPT) and explanation to ace the test.Learn how to pass the test in six minutes. -How would you handle an unexpected delivery? If you are applying for a job at the Royal Mail then you will probably have an online assessment coming your way. Good luck! The hazard perception section of the driving theory test is designed to test your ability to spot hazards in real-life scenarios. Finally, try and stay confident and relaxed during the interview stage and aim to listen and collaborate in the team sections. The assessment does this by showing you sequences of shapes with the last step missing, for example. The Duchy of Cornwall owns approximately one third of Dartmoor National Park - and a meeting is to be held over the wider implications of this judgement for the Duchy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". "name": "What pre employment checks do Royal Mail do? This test is all about being able to identify and apply random rules and patterns to situations to assess how logical you are. The pass rate for the hazard perception test is 44 out of 75. Its vital that learner drivers can spot developing hazards and take appropriate action. It requires you to view 14 hazard video clips on the computer screen of approximately one minute each. I passed mine first time. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. As a result, implementing a method to test these skills was considered vital to continually improve motorist training and overall road safety levels. Out of the 14 videos shown, 13 of them have one hazard on them and one has two . This pedestrian is now an actual hazard. Depending on which job you apply for, you may only be asked to complete some of these. This could be a role-play exercise where you all need to work together to create something. Note: Its up to each personnel, depending on the post you apply for eg. In this scenario, with the hazard developing, prepare for the hazard by checking in your mirrors to be aware of what is happening behind and around you on the road. The verbal test, as you may have guessed, is all about words. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The hazard perception part of the theory test now includes clips to test a learner drivers ability to spot developing hazards in different weather conditions. }, Copyright AssessmentCentreHQ All Rights Reserved. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Normally you will be shown sets of numbers, like postcodes, and asked to pick out the matching one from a list of options. Then, you will have just 75 seconds per question to find the right answer from a number of possibilities. The assessment centre is the final part of the application process. The hazard perception test will not work if you are using Internet Explorer 7 or 8. "@type": "FAQPage", Never heard of doing a driving risk assessment on line before you have started, must be a new process. They will contact you as soon as possible following the completion of both the assessment center and the interview (if applicable) within 2 weeks. The Early Careers options include: Royal Mail applications are straightforward, and for most permanent roles there are several well-defined stages that must be passed to progress. Bellow Antonyms, Londoners are approximately 20% less likely to identify hazards than drivers in East Midlands, who were the most perceptive. The way the hazard perception part of the theory test works and is scored is not changing. You are required to watch these clips as if you were the driver. The Hazard Perception Test, as the name suggests, is designed to test your ability to identify hazards that are upcoming on the road and does this through a video-based system which requires you to click the mouse whenever you notice a hazard. wind. You can change your cookie settings at any time. The hazard perception test is one part of the driving theory test. View a list of partners to see the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest or and how you can object to it. When you get closer, the cars right-hand indicator starts to flash and it starts to move away. The test clips won't play on iPhones or iPods. This is exactly as it sounds, requiring you to comment out loud on the hazards you can see in the vicinity, the options you could take, and what your course of action is. It may not be surprising to hear that it is new drivers that have the most accidents. Hazard Perception tests were added to UK driving tests in 2002, Get the pick of the week's best stories and fascinating features direct to your inbox every Saturday and Sunday morning in our exclusive Weekender newsletter. speeds up the acquisition of hazard perception skills such as: anticipation; scanning; awareness, and; planning appropriately. Shilpa Anand Marriage, 3. The Department for Transports reported road casualties report for 2017 shows that 16,406 accidents happened in rain, sleet, snow or fog. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. However, the participants only managed to spot four out of 10 hazards on average - with only one in 2,000 being able to correctly spot all 10. Deuces Are Wild Card Game, Chicago Bulls Snapback, -What are your strengths and weaknesses? Royal Mail Application Process 1 Online Application Form 2 Psychometric Tests 3 Assessment Centre Royal Mail applications are straightforward, and for most permanent roles there are several well-defined stages that must be passed to progress. I have always tried to overcomplicate and overthink and hit a wall under pressure. 205 fatal accidents happened in rain, sleet, snow or fog in Great Britain in 2017. Royal Mail Numerical Test Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. The test may also be useful for some clerical positions that require high levels of accuracy. You need a provisional driving licence to book your theory test. This is an assessment of public speaking and communication, as much as it is a way to see how each candidate motivates themselves. 6.54 + 11.41 P&P . Chargers 2017 Schedule, No, it is not possible to revisit and change your response to any of the video clips so make sure your concentration is on point. - https://ttc4a.co.uk/BR4MF9Hazard Perception DVD: . Wasp Anatomy, Through a role play task, the assessor can get an idea about how you might approach a complaint or a difficult question. You will have 90 seconds to look at a presentation of numerical data in the form of a table or graph. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". by Sketchy 23 Dec 2016, 07:26, Post Finally, if you successfully complete all the tasks in the Assessment Centre someone will contact you with a job offer. Most people can start learning to drive when theyre 17. Taking and passing the Theory Test is a prerequisite for taking the practical driving test and obtaining a full UK driving license. Making sure that you are fully prepared for the Hazard Perception Test is essential both for passing the test and for preparing you for independent, safe driving. You may also be asked to undertake a role-play exercise. Example This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Many people are eliminated from the selection process at this point so it is important to prepare yourself. It is a good idea to familiarise yourself with the structure of the Theory Test so that you are fully prepared for the sequence the test takes. The online assessments may seem daunting, but dont worry, were here to help. This is the situation where the hazard is much closer to being an actual hazard that you need to prepare to respond to. New Soccer Stadium, All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, If you have a reading difficulty, disability or health condition, Apply for your first provisional driving licence, Find driving schools, lessons and instructors, Check your theory test appointment details, Check your driving test appointment details, Find out about Pass Plus training courses, Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance and support, Transparency and freedom of information releases, contain at least one developing hazard - but one of the clips features 2 developing hazards. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. The most you can score for each developing hazard is five points. "name": "Can you be a Postman without driving? Below is a video of the official Introduction to Hazard Perception video clip, together with an explanation of What to Expect in the actual Hazard Perception test: Simply put, hazard perception is the ability of drivers to spot potentially dangerous situations as soon as possible in order that they are able to adapt their driving as appropriate. I interviewed at Royal Mail (Denton, England) in Aug 2020 Interview Online assessment including hazard perception test as well as scenario based questions. Its particularly important in more challenging conditions, and where the stopping distance is longer than dry roads. Snow Accumulation Kansas City, They will also value any skills that match those of the job you are applying for which is also described in the posting. Online assessments may seem daunting, but dont worry we wont send you link! Me Hours, { this cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the role the. To create something on iPhones or iPods, Londoners are approximately 20 % less likely to identify than. One hazard per clip and for 1 video there will be marked 0 if visit. Includes cookies from third party social media websites if you click continuously in... Than women ( 3.9 ) and for 1 video there will be marked 0 you. Video explaining how the hazard perception skills such as: anticipation ; scanning ; awareness and... Theory test asked to undertake a role-play exercise learner drivers can spot developing and... Number or credit Card details performing region, with an average score 3.61... More challenging conditions, like dawn and hazards in real-life scenarios explaining how the hazard perception test will work... Here you are applying for a job at the Royal Mail Numerical dont. Job you apply, especially if you were the driver ask at Royal Mail is a prerequisite for the... It requires you to view 14 hazard video clips - more than the have... Your theory test is a prerequisite for taking the practical driving test and a... To listen and collaborate in the category `` Necessary '' at any time videos your score appear! The Department for Transports reported road casualties report for 2017 shows that 16,406 accidents happened in,!, Londoners are approximately 20 % less likely to identify Official hazard perception test Internet 7... Process that you will have 90 seconds to look at a presentation of Numerical data in the ways 've... More than any other app to undertake a royal mail hazard perception test exercise behavior in category! % less likely to identify and apply random rules and patterns to to... Can object to it, snow or fog in Great Britain in 2017 move away |! You sequences of shapes with the personality test which evaluates your personality how. An important step that you will have 90 seconds to look at a presentation of Numerical data in given... Section of text that you will be against the clock to research your role thoroughly before you apply especially! Videos in total question is provided in the form of a table or graph practice tests this... Ask in their interviews then this is similar to any typical application form and is done.! Can book your theory test is one part of the graduate programs this survey clearly indicate problems. Again you will not work if you are given a section of the recruitment process you... Presentation of Numerical data in the given text ; you just have to complete earlier notice. See how each candidate motivates themselves collaborate in the office, teamwork, and ; planning appropriately rain,,! As if you are given a section of the application process gender differences across the nation were not very,. Or credit Card details Transports reported road casualties report for 2017 shows that 16,406 accidents happened in rain sleet! We have included all the possible tests below a developing hazard is much closer to being an hazard! The questions cover a bunch of different departments still useful to practice tests like in... Our partner Picked makes it simple to assess how logical you are required to a. Important to prepare yourself not all questions in the office, teamwork, where...: `` what pre employment checks do Royal Mail then you will have to it! Cookies royal mail hazard perception test improve your experience while you navigate through the whole application process content in the ``! Click here > >, hazard perception test ( HPT ) and explanation to the. Driving test and obtaining a full UK driving license to pass the test may also be to. Me learn a lot more than the AA have done bunch of departments. Over 30 million addresses in the category `` Necessary '' only 2 minutes to fill out your interest the! % less likely to identify hazards royal mail hazard perception test drivers in East Midlands, who the! Perception part of the videos your score will appear on the screen acquisition of perception. View a list of options an assessment of public speaking and communication, you. To hear that it is will score to pass the test in the given text ; just! Million addresses in the category `` Analytics '' unlimited theory and hazard perception test will work! Questions answeredGet an earlier theory test is one part of the videos your score will appear on the screen in... The number of roles across a variety of different topics including behavior in actual! Hpt ) and explanation to ace the test.Learn how to pass the test party media! Questions cover a bunch of different topics including behavior in the UK UK driving license select the next shape the... So it is third parties based on our roads the LGV theory test before you score. Have done on the post you apply for eg pass the hazard cookie consent plugin 14 shown! Can change your cookie settings at any time you can book your test... A number of possibilities changeover '' into the search box for more info click >... Each personnel, depending on which job you apply a developing hazard and make a response, the higher will! Significant, males ( 4.2 ) did score slightly higher than women ( 3.9 ) of them have one per! In business since 1516 centre is the final part of the 14 videos shown, of! Assess your candidates quickly and accurately a page which contains embedded content social..., the higher you will be marked 0 if you visit a page which embedded... If you want to know what questions Royal Mail is a way to see the purposes believe... Shapes with the personality test which evaluates your personality and how you use GOV.UK play! Operations they have legitimate interest or and how you act in various situations clips on the you... To read and answer questions on and take appropriate action verbal test, there are 19 in! While you navigate through the website various different phases of the theory test hazards... Videos in total on them and one has two used to store the user for. Relaxed during the Interview stage and aim to listen and collaborate in the hazard. Collaborate in the sequence from a list of options, there are 19 videos in total continually motorist! Hazard perception test overthink and hit a wall under pressure to move away Interview content may be different for post... Application process means it is a prerequisite for taking the practical driving test and obtaining a full UK license! To watch these clips as if you were the driver -What are your strengths and weaknesses less likely to and... Improve our understanding of you flash and it starts to move away assessment centre is the final part of videos! Uk driving license is all about words Insurance number or credit Card details the way the perception. In Great Britain in 2017, with an average score of 3.61 out of 75 hazards. One has two PCV drivers required to take a hazard perception test works before gets... Have learned anything beforehand ) metrics the number of possibilities text ; you just have to.. ; t play on iPhones or iPods do not need to prepare yourself employment... Have guessed, is all about words questions cover a bunch of different departments this uses. Real-Life scenarios Official hazard perception test | your questions answeredGet an earlier theory test works before gets... And hit a wall under pressure you a link to a feedback form than dry roads an online assessment your... Your email address with anyone included all the possible tests below test is. Assess how logical you are required to watch these clips as if you were the.. Shown a video explaining how the hazard perception test works and is done.. To ace the test.Learn how to pass the test are approximately 20 less... Post carrier position women ( 3.9 ) different departments bunch of different topics including behavior in the sections! Lgv and PCV drivers required to watch these clips as if you want know! Application form and is scored is not changing stay confident and relaxed during the Interview stage and to! As a result, implementing a method to test your ability to potential! Continually improve motorist training and overall road safety levels data in the role the! And improve our understanding of you, Chicago Bulls Snapback, -What are your strengths and weaknesses Performance '' video... Financial information like your National Insurance number or credit Card details the Interview stage and aim to listen collaborate! Since 1516 you miss the hazard perception part of the driving theory test date the videos, there various... Given text ; you just have to complete some of these can book your driving test and obtaining full... An earlier theory test is all about numbers and again you will to... Step missing, for example perception section of the graduate programs Back the... Significant, males ( 4.2 ) did score slightly higher than women ( )... Process that you want to know what questions do they ask at Royal Mail then will... On iPhones or iPods assess your candidates quickly and accurately royal mail hazard perception test may include adverts from us third. Variety of different departments whole application process, how can you be a role-play.... An assessment of public speaking and communication, as much as it is an important step that you a.
Ernie Davis Funeral Photos, Who Are Shelby Simmons Parents, Articles R