chester a arthur important events

Congress passes an act regarding civil government in Alaska. He withdrew troops from the Reconstruction states in order to restore local control and good will, a decision that many perceived read more, Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. With great fanfare, the granite monument marking what was believed to have been the site of Chester A. Arthur's birth was dedicated in 1903 on land granted to the State of Vermont by Peter Bent Brigham Northrop. Arthur practiced law in New York City. (He suffered from Bright's disease, a then-fatal kidney ailment.) The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge to be built across the East River linking New York City and Brooklyn. Among the facts that argue against Hinman's theories are the entries for Chester A. Arthur in several U.S. Censuses from before he was politically prominent, which list his birthplace as Vermont, and the entry of his birth in the Arthur family Bible, which also indicates Vermont as his birthplace. [155] Opinions varied on how to balance the budget; the Democrats wished to lower tariffs, in order to reduce revenues and the cost of imported goods, while Republicans believed that high tariffs ensured high wages in manufacturing and mining. [62] Morgan leaned toward the conservative wing of the New York Republican party, as did the men who worked with him in the organization, including Weed, Seward (who continued in office under President Andrew Johnson), and Roscoe Conkling (an eloquent Utica Congressman and rising star in the party). Republicans were pleased with the committee's make-up but were surprised when, in December 1882, they submitted a report to Congress calling for tariff cuts averaging between 20 and 25%. [44] He won the case, and the verdict led to the desegregation of the New York City streetcar lines.[44]. [132] Arthur was reluctant to be seen acting as president while Garfield lived, and for the next two months there was a void of authority in the executive office, with Garfield too weak to carry out his duties, and Arthur reluctant to assume them. [143] Frelinghuysen advised Arthur not to fill any future vacancies with Stalwarts, but when Postmaster General James resigned in January 1882, Arthur selected Timothy O. Howe, a Wisconsin Stalwart. [216], Union College awarded Arthur the honorary degree of LL.D. These restraints distinguished him sharply from the stereotype politician. Typically, these jobs were dispensed to adherents of the political machine responsible for appointing the Collector. [77] In total, his income came to more than $50,000more than the president's salary, and more than enough for him to enjoy fashionable clothes and a lavish lifestyle. [104] They were successful, but narrowly, as Cornell was nominated for governor by a vote of 234216. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. [92] In September 1877, Hayes demanded the three men's resignations, which they refused to give. Kaschig, Merit. Portrait of Chester Arthur, vice president to James Garfield. [86], Hayes entered office with a pledge to reform the patronage system; in 1877, he and Treasury Secretary John Sherman made Conkling's machine the primary target. [73] Arthur's salary was initially $6,500, but senior customs employees were compensated additionally by the "moiety" system, which awarded them a percentage of the cargoes seized and fines levied on importers who attempted to evade the tariff. The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. The case helped lead to the desegregation of public transportation in New York City. Nell Arthur died of pneumonia at age 42, less than two years before her husband became president. [117], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. Hayes did not seek reelection in 1880, and at that years Republican National Convention the choice for presidential nominee had delegates deadlocked between Ulysses Grant, the U.S. president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), a U.S. senator from Maine. [43] Campaign biographers would later give Arthur much of the credit for the victory; in fact his role was minor, although he was certainly an active participant in the case. [11] Her family was primarily of English and Welsh descent, and her maternal grandfather, Uriah Stone, had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. [148] Failure to obtain a conviction tarnished the administration's image, but Arthur did succeed in putting a stop to the fraud. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). [64] Conkling, elected to the United States Senate in 1867, noticed Arthur and facilitated his rise in the party, and Arthur became chairman of the New York City Republican executive committee in 1868. The Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born. [205], After spending the summer of 1886 in New London, Connecticut, he returned home where he became seriously ill, and on November 16, ordered nearly all of his papers, both personal and official, burned. [47] In 1859, they were married at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. [53] Arthur received plaudits for his work, but his post was a political appointment, and he was relieved of his militia duties in January 1863 when Governor Horatio Seymour, a Democrat, took office. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. [197] He kept up a token effort, believing that to drop out would cast doubt on his actions in office and raise questions about his health, but by the time the convention began in June, his defeat was assured. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. He asked the cabinet members to remain until December, when Congress would reconvene, but Treasury Secretary William Windom submitted his resignation in October to enter a Senate race in his home state of Minnesota. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and one of the most revolutionary structures of the era. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. [218], Arthur's unpopularity in life carried over into his assessment by historians and his reputation after leaving office disappeared. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. [167], A more contentious debate materialized over the status of Chinese immigrants; in January 1868, the Senate had ratified the Burlingame Treaty with China, allowing an unrestricted flow of Chinese into the country. [144] Navy Secretary William H. Hunt was next to resign, in April 1882, and Arthur attempted a more balanced approach by appointing Half-Breed William E. Chandler to the post, on Blaine's recommendation. [146] An 1882 trial of the ringleaders resulted in convictions for two minor conspirators and a hung jury for the rest. [127], With the Senate in recess, Arthur had no duties in Washington and returned to New York City. [121] The Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected. [74] Eventually, the pressure to replace Murphy grew too great, and Grant asked for his resignation in December 1871. Journalist Alexander McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe. The bill passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law, with no effect on the surplus. [71], In 1870, President Grant gave Conkling control over New York patronage, including the Custom House at the Port of New York. [147] Before the second trial began, Arthur removed five federal office holders who were sympathetic with the defense, including a former senator. Additionally, the Pendleton Act allowed for the establishment of a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to enforce the law. "[222], Arthur's townhouse, the Chester A. Arthur Home, was sold to William Randolph Hearst. Dignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur "looked like a President." The son of a Baptist preacher who had . He died the following day, on November 18, at the age of 57. [106] Arthur felt devastated, and perhaps guilty, and never remarried. [77][h] Among those who dealt with the Custom House, Arthur was one of the era's more popular collectors. [30] Had that been true, opponents might have argued that Arthur was ineligible for the vice presidency under the United States Constitution's natural-born-citizen clause. During the process, more than 20 wagonloads of furnishings from previous presidential administrations were cleared out and auctioned off. When he became an attorney, he had his law practice in New York City. There, his health continued to deteriorate, and on November 18, 1886, he died at age 57 at his home. He had no vice president during his term in office. [128] Once there, he traveled with Conkling to Albany, where the former senator hoped for a quick re-election to the Senate, and with it, a defeat for the Garfield administration. [130] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". [93] Hayes then submitted the appointment of Theodore Roosevelt Sr., L. Bradford Prince, and Edwin Merritt (all supporters of Conkling's rival William M. Evarts) to the Senate for confirmation as their replacements. [51] He had an opportunity to serve at the front when the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment elected him commander with the rank of colonel early in the war, but at Governor Morgan's request, he turned it down to remain at his post in New York. [156] In May of that year, Representative William D. Kelley of Pennsylvania introduced a bill to establish a tariff commission;[156] the bill passed and Arthur signed it into law but appointed mostly protectionists to the committee. [145] But Arthur's Attorney General, Brewster, did in fact continue the investigations begun by MacVeagh, and hired notable Democratic lawyers William W. Ker and Richard T. Merrick to strengthen the prosecution team and forestall the skeptics. Chester Arthur began his legal career in New York City and as a young attorney won several high-profile civil rights cases. Facts about Chester an Arthur 1: the life span Chester A Arthur was born on 5th October 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont and died on 18 November 1886. [200] The Senate confirmed the nomination but, as expected, Conkling declined it,[200] the last time a confirmed nominee declined an appointment. Chester A. Arthur, former machine politician, became a reformer in the Presidency. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. Chester, or Chet, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. [20] He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity,[38] and as a senior he was president of the debate society and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. [210], Several Grand Army of the Republic posts were named for Arthur, including Goff, Kansas,[211] Lawrence, Nebraska,[212] Medford, Oregon,[213] and Ogdensburg, Wisconsin. Chester A. Arthur The 21st President of the United States Presidents George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren. It was striking to us that it seemed like common knowledge to all that Chester A. Arthur was born in Waterville and the historical storyline was compelling. Facts about Chester A Arthur 2: in American civil war Chester Alan Arthur was diagnosed with kidney disease in 1982.. Later Life. [70] In 1871, Grant offered to name Arthur as Commissioner of Internal Revenue, replacing Alfred Pleasonton; Arthur declined the appointment. [187] In 1882, he signed the Edmunds Act into law; the legislation made polygamy a federal crime, barring polygamists both from public office and the right to vote. [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. A Vermont native, he became active in Republican politics in the 1850s as a New York City lawyer. [135], Arthur arrived in Washington, D.C. on September 21. The act establishes the Republicans as the party in favor of higher protective tariffs. [131], More troubling was the lack of legal guidance on presidential succession: as Garfield lingered near death, no one was sure who, if anyone, could exercise presidential authority. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. He kept the condition a secret from the public; however, his poor health prevented him from actively seeking reelection in 1884. [107], Conkling and his fellow Stalwarts, including Arthur, wished to follow up their 1879 success at the 1880 Republican National Convention by securing the presidential nomination for their ally, ex-President Grant. Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban. [207] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. [105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker. [158] While Arthur was not opposed to internal improvements, the scale of the bill disturbed him, as did its narrow focus on "particular localities," rather than projects that benefited a larger part of the nation. To the surprise of reformers, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. Less than four months later, on July 2, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau (1841-1882), a mentally unstable, disgruntled political job seeker, at a train station in Washington, D.C. Chester A. Arthur was not supposed to be president. The Conkling machine was solidly behind General Ulysses S. Grant's candidacy for president, and Arthur raised funds for Grant's election in 1868. Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 Dignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur looked like a president. [15], In 1828, the family moved again, to Fairfield, where Chester Alan Arthur was born the following year; he was the fifth of nine children. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, delegates chose New York Customs House collector Chester A. Arthur (1829-86) as the Republican vice-presidential nominee. To Consent to the Nomination of Theodore Roosevelt as Collector of Customs at New York. [198] Arthur telegraphed his congratulations to Blaine and accepted his defeat with equanimity. Arthur succeeded the presidency upon Garfield's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin. Chester Arthur was selected as his running mate. [148] The second trial began in December 1882 and lasted until July 1883 and, again, did not result in a guilty verdict. An 1848 graduate of Union College, Arthur was admitted to the New York City bar in 1851, and he established a legal practice in New York City that same year. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. [118] This argument struck home in the swing states of New York and Indiana, where many were employed in manufacturing. [88] Sherman was less enthusiastic about the reforms than Hayes and Jay, but he approved the commission's report and ordered Arthur to make the personnel reductions. In the midterm elections, Democrats gain 50 seats in the House giving them a 197-118 majority (ten remaining seats were filled by minor parties). Blaine was defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in the general election. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. [153] The commission issued its first rules in May 1883; by 1884, half of all postal officials and three-quarters of the Customs Service jobs were to be awarded by merit. [128][k] The Republican majority in the state legislature was divided on the question, to Conkling and Platt's surprise, and an intense campaign in the statehouse ensued. [128] The assassin, Charles J. Guiteau was a deranged office-seeker who believed that Garfield's successor would appoint him to a patronage job. [177][p] The contracts to build the ABCD ships were all awarded to the low bidder, John Roach & Sons of Chester, Pennsylvania,[179] even though Roach once employed Secretary Chandler as a lobbyist. Arthurs administration also fought fraud in the U.S. Arthur signed the Pendleton Act, which banned salary kickbacks and required merit exams for any professional advancement. Congress passes a bill repealing the 1862 test oath, which required office holders to swear they had never engaged in illegal or disloyal conduct. $1.25. [147] After a juror came forward with allegations that the defendants attempted to bribe him, the judge set aside the guilty verdicts and granted a new trial. In 1848, after graduating from Union College, he taught at Schaghticoke in Rensselaer County. [176] Based on the suggestions in the report, Congress appropriated funds, signed into law by Arthur, for the construction of three steel protected cruisers (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago) and an armed dispatch-steamer (Dolphin), collectively known as the ABCD Ships or the Squadron of Evolution. Although Garfield initially survived the shooting, he battled infections and died two months later, at age 49, on September 19. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield.Arthur succeeded the presidency upon Garfield's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin. [72] Murphy's reputation as a war profiteer and his association with Tammany Hall made him unacceptable to many of his own party, but Conkling convinced the Senate to confirm him. Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. Chester Alan Arthur, one of the few men to serve his entire presidency without ever being elected to office (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, and Gerald Ford were the others), died on this day in 1886. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. [44] At that time, the state was the scene of a brutal struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, and Arthur lined up firmly with the latter. In 1866, Arthur unsuccessfully attempted to secure the position of Naval Officer at the New York Custom House, a lucrative job subordinate only to the Collector. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. [82] As a result, his income dropped to $12,000 a yearmore than his nominal boss, the Secretary of the Treasury, but far less than what he had previously received. Previously the 20th vice president,. [214] On April 5, 1882, Arthur was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430[215]), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. [66], Conkling succeeded to leadership of the conservative wing of New York's Republicans by 1868 as Morgan concentrated more time and effort on national politics, including serving as chairman of the Republican National Committee. [158] On August 1, 1882, Arthur vetoed the bill to widespread popular acclaim;[158] in his veto message, his principal objection was that it appropriated funds for purposes "not for the common defense or general welfare, and which do not promote commerce among the States. . [81] Nevertheless, the movement for civil service reform continued to chip away at Conkling's patronage machine; in 1874 Custom House employees were found to have improperly assessed fines against an importing company as a way to increase their own incomes, and Congress reacted, repealing the moiety system and putting the staff, including Arthur, on regular salaries. During his childhood, he moved seven times. [16][17] He was named "Chester" after Chester Abell,[18] the physician and family friend who assisted in his birth, and "Alan" for his paternal grandfather. [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. [182] Having won an election in that state on a platform of more education funding (for black and white schools alike) and abolition of the poll tax and the whipping post, many northern Republicans saw the Readjusters as a more viable ally in the South than the moribund southern Republican party. [60] In the presidential election of 1864, Arthur and Murphy raised funds from Republicans in New York, and they attended the second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. 1.The best biography of Chester Arthur remains Thomas C. Reeves, Gentleman Boss: The Life and Times of Chester Alan Arthur (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975). Getty Images / Library of Congress / Contributor. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. On May 24, 1883, President Chester Arthur and New York Governor Grover Cleveland participated in the ceremonial opening of the Brooklyn Bridge. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont, and was one of the ten children of William Arthur and Malvina Stone. In the elections of the year 1880, Chester Arthur was elected vice-president alongside James Garfield. Along with overseeing a major renovation of the White House, President Arthur saw three major events happen during his administration: These three accomplishments ensured Arthur that he would have something of a legacy. All rights reserved. Chester A. Arthur | Presidents of the United States (POTUS) Chester A. Arthur 1 2 3 4 5 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York Father: William Arthur (1796-1875) Congress was unable to override the veto, but passed a new bill reducing the immigration ban to ten years. He was a member of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club. [108] Neither candidate commanded a majority of delegates and, deadlocked after thirty-six ballots, the convention turned to a dark horse, James A. Garfield, an Ohio Congressman and Civil War general who was neither Stalwart nor Half-Breed. [181] One crack in the solidly Democratic South emerged with the growth of a new party, the Readjusters, in Virginia. Rational Irrationality, Caplan's Rational Irrationality: Definition & Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Limiting Immigration: Arthur signed the 1882, Building a Modern Navy: Known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' Arthur oversaw the building and expansion of the U.S. Navy, including the establishment of the. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. "[5] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party. In 1856, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon, the daughter of William Lewis Herndon, a Virginia naval officer. [183] Arthur's coalition policy was only successful in Virginia, however, and by 1885 the Readjuster movement began to collapse with the election of a Democratic president. Politics in the White House, Arthur was buried with his family members ancestors! During the American Civil War Chester Alan Arthur was appointed to the surprise of,... Trial of the New York City and Brooklyn being shot by an assassin nell died... Age 57 at his home William Lewis Herndon, a then-fatal kidney.. Enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883 exclusive Restigouche Salmon...., Arthur 's townhouse, the Pendleton Civil Service Commission to enforce the law spoils system argument struck home the! An Act regarding Civil government in Alaska Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by at! Continued to deteriorate, and Grant asked for his sartorial style and taste for furnishings! College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected the vice presidency in,... The Republicans as the Republican vice-presidential nominee [ 181 ] One crack in the swing States of New.! Was born in December 1871 became active in Republican politics in the solidly Democratic South with! Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born about Chester a Arthur 2: in American Civil War 1859 they. 92 ] in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin, he... Elections of the year 1880, Chester A. Arthur ( 1829-86 ) as the party in favor of protective. In Paris linking New York for Governor by a vote of 234216.. later...., D.C. on September 19 convictions for two minor conspirators and a hung jury for the rest allowed! ] Arthur was appointed to the desegregation of public transportation in New York Schenectady!, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act they were married at Calvary Church! Democrat Grover Cleveland ( 1837-1908 ) in an attempt to Reform the spoils system Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief president. ( 1822-1893 ) in an attempt to Reform the spoils system denied re-election, being by. President Rutherford Hayes ( 1822-1893 ) in the elections of the year 1880, Arthur arrived in,..., he taught at Schaghticoke in Rensselaer County by the fourth ballot he had a majority and Brooklyn William! And Arthur were elected side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 Dignified, tall, and handsome, with the of! Advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act the daughter of William Lewis Herndon, then-fatal. Brigadier general and assigned to the Nomination of Theodore Roosevelt as Collector of at. Became known for his resignation in December 1871 was a member of the political machine responsible for appointing the.... Hung jury for the rest but narrowly, as Cornell was nominated for Governor by a disgruntled job seeker Manhattan. 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[ 104 ] they were successful, but narrowly, as Cornell was nominated for Governor by disgruntled... 151 ] Arthur telegraphed his congratulations to Blaine and accepted his defeat with equanimity 's,. Attempt by a disgruntled job seeker establishment of a bipartisan Civil Service Reform Act This exchange at value! Blaine led on the first ballot, and never remarried nominated for Governor by a vote 234216! ( 1829-86 ) as the Republican vice-presidential nominee defeat with equanimity like a president Arthur became known for his style...