howland island and line islands time difference

The U.S. claims an Exclusive Economic Zone of 200 nautical miles (370km) and a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22km) around the island. Continuous Cruise Power setting, it too does not fit. It featured performances by native Kiribati entertainers and was attended by Kiribati's President Tito. As long as I am above ground, Ill reply. It also represents the hypothesiswithin this working MS Excel,that by flying at a lower airspeed than the Lockheed and P&W settings stipulated, Earhart would save precious fuel to enable the surety of reaching Howland Island, and if that was not possible, then the success of The Contingency Plan. Earhart and possibly Noonan, definitely had the intent, that if they could not find Howland, then a return back along the reciprocal course would be entirely possible, certainly to the Gilberts. In 1940, I joined the Australian Air Force as a pilot, trained in Canada, and operated in England with the RAF before being promoted to a Wing Commander, commanding an Australian Mosquito Squadron attached to the 2nd Tactical Air Force. 4. . No landings were attempted but both Pellegreno and Finch flew low enough to drop a wreath on the island. Victoria Aust. UTC is Coordinated Universal Time, GMT is Greenwich Mean Time. He told us how keen Amelia was to write a book about the flight, and the different people. So what caused the Electra, flying northeast to Nukumanu, to drift 20-odd miles westwards and end up at Latitude 4o 33.5 South, Longitude 159o 07 East as per the PR radioed at 0718 GMT? A TikTok user has gone viral after explaining how two islands have a 21-hour time difference despite being just three miles apart. Previous Tide: Low. Copyright 1998 - 2023 WorldTimeServer.com All rights reserved. 2. Takedown request | View complete answer on worldatlas.com What country is 24 hours ahead of USA? Earhart should, in a logical sensewiththe knowledge of past fuel load numbers, have had far more than 4 hours of gasoline left with which to carry out this feat. The average G/S of 127.5 Smph Choiseul to Nukumanu remained the same at 127 Smph since leaving Nukumanu and the G/S overhead the USS Ontario is 127 Smph and the wind value seems to have decreased at the higher altitude(26 Smph down to 23 Smph) and the headwind component to Noonan is 23 Smph. Howland island is a very hot and sunny island with wind blowing almost all the time. Amelia tucked the tail of the plane almost into the jungle, brakes on, engines full bore, and let go. What would be the implications of this arrival at the Ontario if Noonan accepted that the Ontario was On Station at 1036 GMT and he had pre-computed the distance and to him, his average G/S was actually 119 Smph with a probable G/S overhead the ship of only 112 Smph because of an increasing wind? [15] Other Pacific nations, including Tonga and New Zealand's Chatham Islands, protested the move, objecting that it interfered with their own claims to be the first land to see dawn in the year 2000. The raid came one day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and damaged the three airstrips of Kamakaiwi Field. 960 more miles making the total 3360 statute miles on 947 USG. Not all winds are headwinds or tailwinds but are winds which could and do blow from an angle off to the side of an aircraft as quartering or abeam winds but these winds will have a headwind or tailwind component. The AUW of the Electra on take-off from Lae can be worked out from what Earhart said of the weight with 1150 USG on board, which was statement of 15,000 lbs. However, if we now use the correct position of the Ontario at 1030 GMT from the ships log, it is seen that the Ontario was actually moving slowly eastwards and at 1030 GMT was at 2o 56 21 S, 165o 22 54 E, which is almost 23 minutes of arc or 23 Nautical Miles (27 Sm)[Google Earth measures the distance as 25.44 Nm / 29.28 Sm] to the east of its designated station given by the U.S. Navy. This means that when they continued out from Choiseul towards Nukumanu, Noonan did not know the actual wind value. The line goes over the land to the east-northeastwhich is to the left of the Electra after take-off when it would be over the Huon Gulf, and that land is high ground withhills to 3000 feet, requiring at least 3500 feet of safe altitude, 30 Sm from Lae. The Diomede Islands are separated by the International Date Line, Big Diomede, owned by Russia, is uninhabited while Little Diomede, owned by US, has a population of 110 people. Explore Howland Island's sunrise and sunset, moonrise and moonset. For the Electra at Sea Level, the tables on page 30 state that VL/D. She would turn back for the Gilberts to find a cleared area to land the Electra, a beach on which to land, or she would ditch the Electra close to shore. The 1912 GMT callit appears asa mistake in simple arithmetic. No map type or map style is the best. In this hypothesis, I am going to clearly state that I have been down this track many, many times before and I could never achieve the targets of distance mileage to a destination along the flight, Choiseul, Nukumanu or the Ontario at the time or near the times given by Earhart if I used the power settings laid out for her by Lockheed as shown in the previous table at the beginning of this part. 0 m. Land/Water. Latitude of center. History of the Standard Time Zone charts of the World from 1894 to present, History of the Daylight Saving Time (DST) / Summer Time by country from 1916 to present, History of the International Date Line from 1844 to present, Airplane flight WestJet 2773 passing in front of the Sun above New York, World Forex Trading Hours map Howland Island was at last named on September 9, 1842 after a lookout who sighted it from the whaleship Isabella under Captain Geo. A final note on this subject of the fuel plan. shows the current open, closed, holiday status, World Stock Markets map Gourdain) at 3,300 feet in height. Some areas on earth use time zones that exist but are not defined by the current time convention. The straight line route to Howlandwas not the way of this particular flight, however, because a radio call from Earhart, made at 0518 GMT informs us of a Position Report (PR) overhead a point over the Solomon Sea, actually to the east-southeastof Lae, which I will discuss fully, below, in a later paragraph. Considering the 12 hours UTC and +14 hours UTC, the biggest time difference would be 26 hours, even beyond the theoretical 24 hours. Use our World Clock! ", "Howland Island, Its Birds and Rats, as Observed by a Certain Mr. Stetson in 1854. 3931 The difference in stated quantities is caused by the requirement forEarhart to use 100 Octane Gasoline for take-off, when 600 Horsepower on each engine would be required. He was also with me when we changed the engine oil, as was Amelia. What change should this extra 57 Sm make to the Flight Plan time of 18 Hours and 31 minutes? Commander Clarence Williams prepared a series of strip maps thatwere for Flight Planning purposes, and all were made for nil wind conditions. Millennium Island is now at the same time as the Hawaiian Islands (HawaiiAleutian Time Zone), but one day ahead. Thanks for visiting and we hope you'll bookmark our site and return again! Education and Outreach. As was our custom, we had a drink in the evening 90 degrees F, and 95 percent humidity made it that way. Time in United Kingdom vs South Carolina. [14] This move made Millennium Island (then Caroline Island) the easternmost land in the earliest time zone (by some definitions, the easternmost point on Earth), and one of the first points of land which saw sunrise on 1 January 2000 at 5:43 am, as measured by local time. Either Noonan was incapacitated or Earhart couldnt multiply, its a big mistake. Forecast: from Ontario to longitude 175, east-northeastat 18 mph (a near direct headwind), resulting in a forecastheadwind component for the Electra of 17 Smph. . That 138 USG is quite a saving by using the slower plan. Captain Geo. They have travelled 400 miles in 3.3 hours which delivers an average G/S of 121 Smph and the ground speed had fallen off since leaving Nukumanu. For 12,900 pounds it is 11.85: 1 at 120 mph IAS and for 16,500 pounds AUW it is 11.9: 1 at 150 mph IAS. Itascatown was a line of a half-dozen small wood-framed structures and tents near the beach on the island's western side. At 1415 GMT, my plot shows the Electra to be 866 Sm from Howland Island and from then on, over that 866 miles, without Astro Navigation, a ten percent lateral error of 86 miles is possible in theory. Its central basin indicates the former . Current local time in US Minor Outlying Islands - Howland Island. All attempts at habitation were abandoned after 1944. Order in Council Annexing the Ocean, Fanning, and Washington islands to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, 1916. The largish (for the time) 4-engined turboprop freighter I was a crew member on as a Flight Engineer, flew at 1.1 times the Speed for Minimum Drag expressed as 1.1 Vmd. Current local time in US Minor Outlying Islands - Howland Island. The Electra was certainly capable of 200 mph for at a velocity of 293 ft/sec the drag is 1130lbs and the H.P. This is a good indication that the signal Direction Finding (DF) equipment on board the Electra could not cope with the extended range and failed to allow a register of the null. On hearing the letter As, the DF Loop aerial is turned until the sound of the As fades away (the null), and a reading of the direction is taken in degrees off of the bezel at the base of the aerial. P.S. Near Nukumanu to USS Ontario, 394 Sm in 3.3 hours delivering an average G/S of 119 Smph or Noonan positively knew by taking a sighting over the ship to give 421 Sm in 3.3 hours = Average G/S 127.5 Smph, the G/S at the Ontario of either 112 Smph or 127 Smph. On July 2, 1937, the noted American aviator Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Frederick J. Noonan, were lost near Howland after having stopped at Lae, Papua New Guinea. From Pearl Harbour, received as Earhart was departing Lae: ACCURATE FORECAST DIFFICULT ACCOUNT LACK OF REPORTS YOUR VICINITY PERIOD CONDITIONS APPEAR GENERALLY AVERAGE OVER ROUTE NO MAJOR STORM APPARENTLY PARTLY CLOUDY WITH DANGEROUS LOCAL RAIN SQUALLS ABOUT 300 MILES EAST OF LAE AND SCATTERED HEAVY SHOWERS REMAINDER OF ROUTE PERIOD WIND EAST SOUTH EAST ABOUT TWENTY FIVE KNOTS TO ONTARIO THEN EAST TO EAST NORTH EAST ABOUT 20 KNOT TO HOWLAND, A wind of 25 Knots (29 Smph) would surely have been of concern if it had been received. Minor Outlying Islands. In one of three telegrams sent to Earhart by Clarence Kelly Johnson of Lockheed, Johnson stated that 900 USG fuel load was ample for 40 percent excess range to Honolulu. It will be noted, as previously mentioned, that Earhart carried 47 USG on top of the 900 USG which was considered by Johnson as already ample. However, the wind is actually 26 mph as Earhart said in a radio call (without giving a direction)but the forecast was from the east, we now substitute the scaled wind line we had of 18 and place a new wind starting at the top of our original Track made good line and add a new line of 1.5 x 26 Smph = a scaled 39 miles, using the same scale we add this line. The writer of the letter below, Robert (Bob) Iredale, was at LAE in 1937 as a representative of the Vacuum Oil Company. Together with Baker Island it forms part of the Phoenix Islands. The island had a half-dozen small wooden huts and the . He died, unfortunately, in 1962. With this information, then the biggest time difference between two places on earth is a whole 26 hours. Time difference from Howland Island. 169 (Rep. Mark Takai) Acknowledging and honoring brave young men from Hawaii who enabled the United States to establish and maintain jurisdiction in remote equatorial islands as prolonged conflict in the Pacific lead to World War II", "Sixteenth Census of the United States: Population, Volume I, Number of Inhabitants, Hawaii (Table 4)", "Welcome to Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge. The AUW can be deduced into two values, from the statements found in the Chater Report, by Eric Chater the Guinea Airways Manager, and the report made by James Collopy of the Department of Civil Aviation. In his clip 'Random facts with Sam', the TikTok user zooms in on a map, explaining the Diomede Island sit between Alaska and Russia. You are aware that because of an unfavorable weather forecast from Darwin (some 700 miles SW of Lae), of at least 2 days, Amelia decided on a two-day layover at Lae. The USS Ontario seems to have wandered off to the east in line with the direction of the wind of 20 Knots (23 Smph) which the Ontario deck log records as from 082 degreesan easterly wind. Up until a year ago I chatted to him about Amelia many times and he recorded the views Ill relate to you. This included Captain Cook, who landed on Christmas Island in 1777, as well as Captain Fanning, who visited Teraina (Washington Island) and Tabuaeran (Fanning Atoll) in 1798. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Big Diomede is located on the Russian side while Little Diomede is on the US side. These remains are dateable as far back as the 14th century, and show that the inhabitants of the Line Islands were more than just castaways.[3]. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. At 0800 GMT at the top of climb at 10,000 feet for an AUW of 12,600 lbs, the best L/D speed is 147 Smph TAS and this requires 413 H.P at the propellers and 516 H.P. coastal. In 7 hours and 9 minutes the Electra on historical data will travel 844 Sm with still 428Sm to run, not 200 miles 428Statute Miles! Hence, in contemplating the same flight as it was then, in what today would be called an inadequate diorama. In 1937, adequate and meticulous planning, which was time consuming in the extreme, was required and subject headings were required in order to successfully carry out a long range flight around the world. A TikTok user . A few islands in the Pacific Ocean use the UTC+13 time zone (Tonga, Samoa, Tokelau) and even the UTC+14 time zone (the Line Islands, most notably Kiritimati) instead of the usual UTC-11 and UTC-10: This means that the time on . In 2009, Howland Island was made a part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument as well as a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge. The Thrust required to move the aircraft forward and upward through the air is a combination of the Drag of the aircraft in SHF plus a quotient for the weight extra pounds caused by the angle of climb. Because of the overweight condition (overweight meaning above the Standard 10,500 lbs AUW of the Electra), the Electra could not be aimed skyward to climb rapidly, the climb was a drawn-out affair at a low angle of climb. There is a strip map for each of the proposed flights or sectors of the World Flight. Report for the Years 1966 and 1967. I am an Aircraft Engineer and have flown as a Flight Engineer on four-engined turboprop transport aircraft. It actually turns out that my MS Excel plot of the flight, only requires a 26 Smph headwind strength at 10,000 feet to hinder the Electra in reaching the Ontario. Meaning that some of its islands were 24 hours ahead. He was in his 80s. E. Netcher of New Bedford. The International Date Line passes through the Line Islands. of which only a maximum of 80% would be used by the propeller due to propeller tip losses and the slower forward airspeed of the aircraft in the climb out at 130 Smph, so the H.P. Long, Elgen M. and Marie K. Long. Throughout all of the considerations regarding the fuel economy and operating of the Electra Model 10E, there was an over-riding principle in use which permeates every facet of the Flight Planning of the aircraft and that the best speed to fly the aircraft during a Long Range flight is and was 130 Knots or 150 Miles per hour True Air Speed. The wind was from the east at 26 Smph. maximum operating weight. Photo credit. If the Electra climbs at 140mph IAS and holds the engine power set at 590 H.P. ", "BBC News - Recreating Capt Bligh's famous Bounty mutiny sea voyage", "The Guano Companies in Litigation A Case of Interest to Stockholders. It is shaped like a short lighthouse. There are no people who live there full-time. Availableat the propeller was initially 80% of 888 = 710H.P. Did she do that? One of the difficulties was the contacting of personnel and the various factions involved. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. Both islands are wildlife refuges, the larger of which is Howland Island: Howland Island, Coordinates: 04824N 1763659W. Just previous to that call at 1745,a call at 1744 GMT is heard requesting a bearing on the Electra by USCG, The 1912 GMT callit appears asa mistake in simple arithmetic. It is currently 13:54 in Howland Island and 14:54 in Line Islands. Yes, I fueled the Lockheed and did it personally. That is an average G/S of only 47 Smph, in which case the headwind is around 103 Smph! In the 19th century, whaling ships were regular visitors to the islands. potential of the engines to be used without causing damage to the engines. Just confirming the current time?